The Role of Music and Movement in Early Childhood Learning

Have you ever noticed how your baby’s face lights up when you sing their favorite song or how they instinctively start bopping their head to a catchy tune? Music and movement have a magical way of capturing little ones’ attention, and it’s not just for fun. These moments are actually laying the groundwork for essential developmental skills.

A young child in a diaper stands at a play table, reaching out to explore a colorful wooden train set and musical instruments. A red toy guitar and a decorative wooden drum with vibrant geometric patterns are visible in the foreground. The scene is filled with sensory-rich toys, encouraging creative and musical play in a bright, engaging environment.

Why are music and movement so important?

Picture your baby clapping their hands to a beat or bouncing along to a song. While it may seem like simple play, these activities are doing so much more. Music and movement in early childhood work together to light up multiple areas of the brain, creating strong connections that support language development, physical coordination, and emotional development.

Here’s a few examples:
  • Language development. Children’s songs are intentionally repetitive, with the same words and phrases sung over and over again. This repetition helps babies recognize sounds, understand patterns, and eventually start mimicking the words themselves. Music for early language development is an effective way to introduce new words and improve listening skills. It’s not just about singing along, it’s about building the foundation for vocabulary and communication!
  • Motor skills. When little ones dance, clap, or shake a tambourine, they’re practicing important gross and fine motor skills. These simple movements improve coordination, balance, and muscle control, laying the foundation for everyday tasks like walking, running, and even holding a crayon.
  • Emotional development. Music has a way of expressing emotions when words fall short. A calming lullaby can soothe a fussy baby, while a lively tune can spark joy and giggles. These moments help babies recognize and respond to different feelings, supporting their emotional development and building a foundation for healthy social connections.

Why do music and movement work better together?

Music and movement are wonderful on their own, but something truly magical happens when you put them together. Think of activities like dancing to a favorite song, clapping along to a beat, or marching in time with music. These kinds of activities engage various areas of the brain simultaneously, making learning more impactful and meaningful.

When children move their bodies while listening to music, their brain and body work together in harmony. This connection strengthens memory, helping them understand and remember new things more easily. For example, when toddlers sing and perform hand movements to a song like The Wheels on the Bus, they’re not just having fun, they’re improving their ability to recall words and follow directions.

Pairing music with movement also makes learning more engaging. Let’s face it, kids love to wiggle and dance. Whether they’re jumping to the rhythm of a drum or swaying to a soothing melody, children stay focused longer when music and movement are part of the experience.

By blending music and movement together, you're giving your child a playful, yet powerful learning experience that supports their growth in cognitive, emotional, and physical areas. And the best part? It’s something you can easily enjoy together!

What does the research say?

Science backs up what parents and caregivers have long observed; music and movement are powerful tools for early learning.

  • Pattern recognition and cognitive skills
    Research shows that exposure to music helps babies recognize patterns, an essential skill for problem-solving and logical thinking later in life. Rhythmic activities, like clapping to a beat or bouncing in time with music, encourage children to notice and predict patterns, which is a key aspect of cognitive development.
  • Better communication and social bonds
    A study published in Developmental Science found that infants who participated in interactive music classes showed better communication skills and stronger social connections. These classes encouraged babies to share smiles, take turns, and respond to musical cues, all of which are important components of early social development.
  • Enhanced motor coordination and emotional regulation
    According to a study in the Early Childhood Education Journal, music and movement activities significantly enhance motor skills, auditory abilities, and emotional regulation in early childhood. It also found that live music has a more profound impact than recorded music, highlighting the importance of face-to-face interactions.
  • Music and Movement Build Resilience
    Music and movement can also teach children to manage stress. A lively dance session can release pent-up energy, while a quiet lullaby can help a child relax before bedtime. These experiences contribute to emotional resilience, helping children adapt to new situations and regulate their feelings.

Should you include music and movement in your daily routine?

Absolutely! Incorporating music and movement into your daily routines doesn’t require fancy instruments or a stage-worthy voice. Simple, everyday activities can have a big impact on your child’s development.

Here are some easy ideas to try:
  1. Make music part of your routines
    Singing can transform even the most mundane tasks into fun, engaging moments. Make up songs about brushing teeth, getting dressed, or cleaning up toys. These little tunes can help children remember steps in a process while making the routine more enjoyable.
  2. Dance it out
    Turn up the music and have a family dance party in the living room. Encourage your child to clap, stomp, jump, or twirl to the beat. This not only improves gross motor skills but also gives kids a healthy outlet for their energy.
  3. Create DIY instruments
    Explore the world of sound with homemade instruments. Fill an empty plastic bottle with rice to create a shaker or let your child bang on a pot with a wooden spoon. These simple tools make it easy to enjoy music-making at home.
  4. Try action songs
    Songs like Head and Shoulders or If You’re Happy and You Know It are classics for a reason. They combine words with movements, helping children improve coordination while strengthening language skills, making them perfect for early learners!
  5. Wind down with lullabies
    Bedtime is the perfect time to slow things down with calming music. Singing a lullaby not only helps your child relax but also strengthens the bond between you.

The long-term benefits of music and movement

The impact of music and movement in early childhood learning extends far beyond the toddler years. Here are a few long-term benefits your child will gain:

  • Stronger academic skills. The pattern recognition and sequencing skills developed through music lay the groundwork for math and reading comprehension. For example, children who are exposed to music early on often excel in understanding numbers and rhythms, which directly support math skills.
  • Better emotional awareness. By engaging in music and movement, children learn to recognize and express their emotions in healthy ways. Over time, this self-awareness helps them develop empathy and better relationships with others.
  • Improved focus and memory. Music enhances a child’s ability to focus, recall details, and organize thoughts. For instance, singing songs that include counting or the alphabet helps children retain information while keeping them engaged.
  • Increased confidence and social skills. Participating in group music activities teaches kids how to work together, listen, and share with others. These experiences help build confidence and prepare children for success in social and school settings.

Why we believe music and movement are key to early childhood learning

Music and movement are more than just fun activities, they’re building blocks for learning. From enhancing language skills to improving motor coordination and emotional well-being, these playful moments create meaningful growth.

Whether you’re humming a lullaby at bedtime, grooving to a favorite song, or shaking homemade maracas together, know that you’re giving your child more than just entertainment; you’re helping your child develop skills that will benefit them for a lifetime.

So, turn up the music, let your little one move, and enjoy the magic of learning through play. It’s a gift that keeps on giving.

References:

Gerry, D., Unrau, A., & Trainor, L. J. (2012). Active music classes in infancy enhance musical, communicative, and social development. Developmental Science, 15(3), 398–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01142.x

Laure, M., Habe, K. (2024) Stimulating the Development of Rhythmic Abilities in Preschool Children in Montessori Kindergartens with Music-Movement Activities: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Early Childhood Educ J 52(4), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-023-01459-x

Kayli Besser

Kayli Besser

Hi! I’m Kayli, wife to an incredible husband, mom to a sweet, energetic two-year-old boy, dog mom to two crazy pups, and founder of Baby University. As a former preschool teacher with a background in Early Childhood Education, I’ve used my expertise to offer an innovative approach to early childhood development, blending fun, play, and learning in a way that feels natural and exciting.

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